Harmful algae include groups such as Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), Dinoflagellates, and Euglenoids. These algae can directly or indirectly affect aquaculture species. They often release toxins that cause liver necrosis in shrimp and degrade water quality, making shrimp more susceptible to pathogens.

Causes of Harmful Algae Blooms in Shrimp Ponds

▸ Poor feed management leading to excess uneaten feed.
▸ Waste accumulation from shrimp throughout the crop.
▸ Dirty pond bottoms due to insufficient pond preparation.
▸ Prolonged rainfall causes a rapid drop in salinity and water stratification, creating ideal conditions for Cyanobacteria to develop.
▸ Hot sunny weather followed by sudden thunderstorms changes pond environmental parameters; decomposition of organic matter increases, releasing abundant nutrients that promote the growth of harmful algae.

Measures to Manage Harmful Algae

▸ Remove accumulated dead algae from the pond.
▸ If a treated settling pond is available, exchange water to reduce algae density.
▸ Adjust feed amounts appropriately to prevent overfeeding.
▸ Control algae using lime applied at night at doses below 20 kg/1,000 m³ of water, followed by Zeolite at 20 kg/1,000 m³.
▸ Stock tilapia together with shrimp; tilapia can digest 30–60% of nitrogen from algae—especially blue-green and green algae—helping stabilize water quality.

Source: Tepbac

 

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